Immunotherapy and Meningioma

Meningioma is the most typical form of intracranial tumour. Meningioma represents the primary brain tumor that originates from the arachnoids cap cells, which are present in the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord. Females are more prone to develop this malignancy as compared to males.According to the report of the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, in 2010, more than 170,000 cases were reported to be diagnosed in the years 2004-2006. Meningioma is caused mainly due to the genetic mutations in neurofibromatosis and the 2 genes at chromosomal location 22q. The risk factors that play a major role may include ionizing radiations, neurofibromatosis type-2 and hormones. Immunotherapy has shown a promising development in the past few years. Recent activities have increased theunderstanding of the tumour microenvironment, various immunotherapeutic modalities or combination therapy. Additionally, the effects of such modalities in combination with immunotherapy in cancer patients are still exploratory phase.

Keywords: Meningioma, neurofibromatosis, Central Brain Tumor Registry, Arachnoid cap cells, Alteration in Chromosome 22, chromosomal region, Protein 4.1B alteration,, retinoblastoma protein, Neurofibromatosis Type-2, Monoclonal Antibodies, epidermal growth factor receptor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Retinoblastoma protein, Chromosomal deletions and mutations, murine double minute 2 protein, hedgehog, Hairy/Enhancer of Split, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), platelet-derived growth factor BB, hypoxia inducible factor-1.